Jinpitcha Mamom, Bunyong Rungroungdouyboon, Hanvedes Daovisan, Chawakorn Sri-Ngernyuang, "Electronic Alert Signal for Early Detection of Tissue Injuries in Patients: An Innovative Pressure Sensor Mattress", Diagnostics, Vol. 13(1)., Jan, 2023.

Abstract
              Monitoring the early stage of developing tissue injuries requires intact skin for surface detection of cell damage. However, electronic alert signal for early detection is limited due to the lack of accurate pressure sensors for lightly pigmented skin injuries in patients. We developed an innovative pressure sensor mattress that produces an electronic alert signal for the early detection of tissue injuries. The electronic alert signal is developed using a web and mobile application for pressure sensor mattress reporting. The mattress is based on body distributions with reference points, temperature, and a humidity sensor to detect lightly pigmented skin injuries. Early detection of the pressure sensor is linked to an electronic alert signal at 32 mm Hg, a temperature of 37 ◦C, a relative humidity of 33.5%, a response time of 10 s, a loading time of 30 g, a density area of 1 mA, and a resistance of 7.05 MPa (54 N) at 0.87 m3/min. The development of the innovative pressure sensor mattress using an electronic alert signal is in line with its enhanced pressure detection, temperature, and humidity sensors.​

Jinpitcha Mamom, Hanvedes Daovisan, "How Buddhist Religious Care Is Incorporated for End-of-Life Stroke Patients Receiving Palliative Care at Home during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Revisiting Constructivist Grounded Theory​", religions, Vol. 13(10), Oct 2022

Abstract
             Coping with the COVID-19 pandemic has involved unprecedented health challenges, impacting not only the receipt of palliative care, but also that of religious care. The present article aimed to explore how Buddhist religious care is incorporated for end-of-life stroke patients receiving palliative care at home during the COVID-19 pandemic in Thailand. A constructivist grounded theory (CGT) was utilised with theoretical sampling of 30 respondents in the Angthong, Ayutthaya, and Pratumthani provinces, central Thailand, from June 2020 to March 2022. Online in-depth interviews were video-recorded and transcribed, using written memos and constant comparative methods. Data transcripts were analysed using open, axial, selective coding, categorising, and themes. Our CGT study identified five themes of Buddhist religious care incorporated for end-of-life stroke patients receiving palliative care at home, namely Buddhist therapies, religious beliefs, religious life satisfaction, religious mental care, and religious needs. The implications of Buddhist religious care being incorporated for end-of-life stroke patients receiving home palliative care during the COVID-19 pandemic are discussed.​

Sairag Saadprai, Supachai Vorapojpisut, Piyanuch Montree, Pangthep Prangmanee, Nuttanicha Thitiratanasard, Thitaporn Unhasirikul, Surachaya Wongkaew, Vinitha Puengtanom, Supattra Silapabanleng, "Joint Range of Motion Measurement Software with Line Chatbot (JROM Chatbot)" ,  Journal of Exercise Physiology Online,  Vol. 25(3)., Jun, 2022.                

ABSTRACT
              The assessment of range of motion (ROM) is important information that medical personnel and sport scientists use to evaluate physical status and prescribe exercise training program for sedentary and athletic individuals. During the Covid-19 pandemic of which social distancing is considered necessary, medical personnel and exercise physiologists are still interested in monitoring the results of their treatment plans and the correctness of exercise postures of patients. Hence, JROM Chatbot was developed to support medical personnel to monitor their patients’ physical status via an online system. Validity and reliability of JROM Chatbot were tested and compared with a goniometer. The subjects consisted of 21 healthy male and female participants with an age range of 18 to 30 years with normal conditions of body mass index, body fat percentage, waist-hip ratio, and knee range of motion without injuries of the lower extremities, musculoskeletal system, and nervous system in the past 1 year. The subjects performed maximum knee flexion and extension as reference posture, and 2 raters measured knee ROM with a goniometer and JROM Chatbot. The Pearson Correlation Coefficient was used to calculate the instrument’s Validity Correlation, and the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient was used to find reliability between the raters and within the raters. The validity correlation of the JROM Chatbot was compared with the goniometer at the high level (r in knee flexion = 0.959, knee extension = 0.982). The results showed that the Intra-Rater Reliability of the knee ROM measurement with the goniometer was at the very high level (ICC3,2 in knee flexion = 0.990, knee extension = 0.990), and the knee ROM measurement with the JROM Chatbot was at a very high level as well (ICC3,2 in knee flexion = 0.998, knee extension = 0.997). In addition, the test results showed when measuring knee ROMs with goniometer, the Inter-Rater Reliability was at the very high level (ICC3,2 in knee flexion = 0.937, knee extension = 0.990), and when measuring knee ROM with the JROM Chatbot, it was also at the very high level (ICC3,2 in knee flexion = 0.961, knee extension = 0.992), which were statistically significant (P<0.01). 
   
Key Words: Goniometer, Line Chatbot, Range of Motion, ROM Motion Measurement Software, Validity and Reliability

Sairag Saadprai, Sudarat Apibantaveesakul, Plaiwan Suttanon, Bunyong Rungroungdouyboon, "​Design Development and Testing of Chair Accessory for Lower Limb Exercising for the Elderly.", August 2021, Volume 24 Number 4, p.82-95​.

Abstract
           The elderly adults seldom engage in physical activities, especially in the COVID-19 situation because they cannot go outside for outdoor activities or participate in group exercises. This is a problem because increasing physical activities is very essential. Another problem is the fact that exercise equipment that can be used at home is limited. Most equipment is large, imported costly, and difficult to use without a caregiver. Hence, the purpose of this study was to report on the design and development of an accessory to be installed with a chair for lower limb exercise for the elderly. It works as a leg press exercise machine. It can be used with any type of chair, including wheelchairs. Resistance and leg degree can be adjusted while exercising to best suit each user. This study also tested its functions. First, the testing revealed that the design of chair accessory has a factor of safety at 2.8 that is adequate with repetitive usage with no damage to the user. Second, the stretch distance is from 0 to 10 cm. Third, the chair accessory “degree of movement” is from 90º to 180º. Also, as to the validity testing of resistance of the chair accessory, the researchers analyzed in each resistance level compared with the standard level using One Sample Test (significance at the P<0.05 level), and it does not show the significant differences from the standard level; at the 2 kg level (left side; P = 0.869, and right side; P= 0.738), at the 4 kg level (left side; P = 0.856, and right side; P = 0.763), and at the 6 kg level (left side; P = 0.059, and right side; P = 0.059). The testing shows that it can be used safely with elderly adults, thus enabling them to have better health and quality of life.

Laliphat Manamanchaiyaporn , Xiuzhen Tang, Yuanyi Zheng, and Xiaohui Yan, "Molecular Transport of A Magnetic Nanoparticle Swarm towards Thrombolytic Therapy", VOL. 6, NO. 3, JULY 2021, ​p.5605-5612.

Abstract
           Due to miniature size, controllability, navigation and versatile capability, micro/ nanorobots is appealing for minimally invasive procedures. In particular, blood clot as an unwanted biological object in vessel leads to severe diseases. Herein, we report a magnetite nanoparticle swarm (Fe3O4) that is capable of inducing hydrodynamic effect to capture tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) in emergent vortices under the dynamic magnetic field. Once the swarm move to approach a site of a blood clot, the caged t-PA molecules are transported together with it across the interface for thrombolysis. In addition, the dynamic motion of each individual spinning nanorobot can assist the clot removal by exerting mechanical force to rub against the softened clot with loose fibrin fibers that is incompletely dissolved by chemical lysis of t-PA. Feasibility and performance of the swarm towards thrombolytic therapy are approved by in vitro experiments. The result reports that blood clot with 3-mm-diameter and 9-mm-length is completely removed in two hours, faster than the clinical procedure applying t-PAalone about 3 times. The contribution is extensible to apply for medical treatments ranged from simple tasks (e.g. detoxification) to complex tasks (e.g. tumor destroy).

Puagprakong P., Earde P., Kooncumchoo P.,"Lumbo-Pelvic-Hip Angle Changes During Upright and Free Style Sitting in Office Workers with Lower Crossed Syndrome.", Apr. 2021, p. 532-538.

Abstract
          Lower crossed syndrome (LCS) is an imbalance of muscles in the lower body segment. Muscle imbalance with prolonged sitting may increase the risk of low back pain. The objective of this study was to study the lumbo-pelvic-hip angle in upright and freestyle sitting in healthy and LCS individuals. Thirty office workers (normal = 10, LCS type A = 10, and LCS type B = 10) who worked 6–8 h./d in a sitting posture were recruited. Lumbo-pelvic-hip angle was recorded while participants typed a text for 30 min in upright and freestyle sitting. Two-ways mixed model ANOVA and post-hoc Turkey test were used to analyze data. Decreased lumbar lordosis was found among the three groups. However the LCS type A group maintained their lumbar lordosis and anterior pelvic tilt, while lumbar kyphosis and posterior pelvic tilt were found in LCS type B in both sittings.

Mamom, J., Rungreungduayboon,B, "A Multidisciplinary Integrative Innovative Mattress Design to Prevent Pressure Injury for Palliative Care in the Community in Thailand", Vol. 48(4), Apr 2021, P 76-81.

Abstract
         A pressure injury is a severe complication that causes excessive interface pressure on a bony prominence and usually occurs in palliative patients in the community. The article describes a new healthcare innovation, A lateral tilting mattress (LTM), based on the pressure injury pathophysiology principle. This modern nursing innovation, created by a multidisciplinary team that could adjust a patient's head and knee and rotate to the left and right, may decrease interface pressure over bony prominences in palliative patients. This experimental research design of 70 palliative home-based patients examined the effectiveness of LTM on pressure injury healing scores and family caregiver's quality of life levels over time from September 2019 to May 2020. We examined differences in patients' pressure injury healing scores and family caregivers' quality of life levels between the different groups: LTM versus no-LTM. Significant time by group interactions was found on patients' pressure injury healing (F = 235.123, p <.01) and family caregivers' quality of life (p <.05) in the LTM versus no LTM group. The results provide evidence for the effectiveness of LTM in improving pressure injury healing scores that may decrease interface pressure over bony prominences in palliative patients and the overall quality of life levels in family caregivers. The findings also suggest the need for further healthcare innovation to improve the quality of care for palliative patients, increase the quality of life (or decrease stress level) among family caregivers, and reduce workloads and danger for caregivers.

Sairag Saadprai, Supachai Vorapojpisut, Chaipat Srikajohnlap, Bunyong Rungroungdouyboon, "​Design and Development of a Low-Cost Force Plate with Software Application for Analyzing Balance and Coordination Training for the Elderly", April 2021, Volume 24 Number 2, p.52-66.

Abstract
           The physical fitness of the elderly is more likely to deteriorate by aging. Balance and coordination exercise are important to maintain the strength of the musculoskeletal system, joints, and bones as well as to reduce the risk of falling. This study presents the development of a low-cost force plate with software application (Stand Balance) for analyzing balance and coordination training for the elderly. The structure of the force plate consists of load cell circuits connected with Node32s board as part of a signal measurement that sends wireless data via Bluetooth to analyze with LabView. The software application records real-time and displays data such as the patient’s weight and training information that could be sent to the healthcare provider who can analyze the patient’s information. The software has been designed in 4 operating modes (Balance Screening, Exercise, Games, and CoP Modes). The purpose of this study was to test whether the Stand Balance could detect Center of Pressure (CoP) and Ground Reaction Forces (GRFs) and display the results regarding its accuracy and repeatability. This research found that the error of static weight measurement is 4.84%, which is assumed to be an acceptable measure of the GRFs (especially when the human body is contact to the developed force plate). Moreover, the absolute error of CoP-accuracy of (Top Middle, Top Right, Middle Left, Center, Middle Right, Bottom Left, Bottom Middle, and Bottom Right) study areas are 5.14, 4.08, 5.44, 5.02, 5.88, 7.25, 4.49, 5.28, and 6.47 mm, respectively and the error of CoP-repeatability of study areas are 0.82, 0.74, 1.21, 0.95, 1.34, 0.89, 0.74, 1.13, and 1.18%, respectively. The absolute errors of CoP-accuracy are very close to 0 mm and the error of CoP-repeatability are less than 1.5%, which show high accuracy and precision that adequate for Stand Balance to assess balance and train coordination. It could ensure that the Stand Balance could detect CoP and GRFs effectively and, therefore, can be used as a device for further clinical implementation with human.

Pramodhyakul N, Luangpon N, Muengtaweepongsa S, Kaewsawang S, Kooncumchoo P., "Classification of walking ability in patients with stroke by walking distance from 6-minute walk test", 2020; 42(3) Sep-Dec: p.163-173.

Abstract
ที่มาและความสำคัญ: ความสามารถการเดินโดยเฉพาะการเดินในชุมชนเป็นสิ่งสำคัญที่ส่งเสริมให้ผู้ป่วยโรคหลอดเลือดสมองมีส่วนร่วมทางสังคมเพิ่มมากขึ้น ดังนั้นการประเมินเพื่อบ่งชี้ระดับความสามารถการเดินสำหรับผู้ป่วยโรคหลอดเลือดสมองจึงเป็นสิ่งที่สำคัญ ซึ่งระยะทางการเดินที่ได้จากการประเมิน 6-minute walk test เป็นตัวแปรหนึ่งที่น่าสนใจสำหรับการแบ่งระดับความสามารถการเดินในผู้ป่วยโรคหลอดเลือดสมอง
วัตถุประสงค์: เพื่อหาค่าตัดแบ่งของ 6-minute walk test ที่เหมาะสมสำหรับจำแนกระดับความสามารถการเดินในผู้ป่วยโรคหลอดเลือดสมอง
วิธีการวิจัย: ผู้ป่วยโรคหลอดเลือดสมองระยะเรื้อรัง จำนวน 174 คน ได้รับการคัดเลือกเข้าสู่การศึกษา อาสาสมัครได้รับการประเมินความสามารถการเดินด้วยแบบประเมิน Functional walking category และ 6-minute walk test การศึกษานี้ใช้ สถิติ Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve เพื่อหาค่าตัดแบ่งของ 6-minute walk test
ผลการวิจัย: ผลการศึกษาพบว่าค่าตัดแบ่งของระยะทางการเดินในกลุ่มผู้ป่วยโรคหลอดเลือดสมองที่มีความสามารถการเดินในชุมชนมีค่าเท่ากับ 193.50 เมตร (ค่าความไว = 70.00 % และ ค่าความจำเพาะ = 94.35 %)
สรุปผล: การศึกษานี้พบว่า ผู้ป่วยโรคหลอดเลือดสมองที่สามารถเดินได้อย่างน้อย 193.50 เมตร ใน 6 นาที จะมีความสามารถที่จะเดินในชุมชนได้