Jinpicha mamom and Bunyong Rungroungdouyboon, "Design and Development of Lateral Tilting Mechanical bed for rural bedridden patients in Thailand" Vol. 47. No. 9., September 2020

Abstract
​         Tissue injury is a complication that causes excessive interface pressure on a bony prominence and usually occurs in immobilized patients, especially the bedridden ones in home-based care. Objective: To investigate the efficacy of a lateral tilting mechanical bedin decreasing interface pressure over bony prominences in bedridden patients who use these beds. Design: Repeated-measures,intervention, and outcomes measure research design. The sample consisted of 40 home-based bedridden people from September2017 to December2018.Data from personal information and interface pressure records were analyzed usingdescriptive statistics, t-test, and Mann–Whitney Utest. The lateral tilting mechanical bed was created by a multidisciplinary team to develop a patient bed model that can adjust the head and knee and turn to the left and right using electrical systems. The results showed that the experimental group's interface pressure was significantly lower compared to the control group (p< .01).The findings revealed that this health care innovation improved the quality of care for bedridden people and reduced workloads and the risk of danger for caregivers.

Abstract
            Strengthening exercise for lower limbs is required in elderly. Repeated sit to stands could improve lower limbs strength, reduce limitations, and fall. The researchers developed a Sit to Stand Trainer, a device that assists and offers variable levels of weight support for users to stand. It was validated by comparing the kinematics and the kinetics between 2 experimental conditions; the movement that was assisted by Sit to Stand Trainer (STST) and the natural movement that was unassisted by Sit to Stand Trainer (No STST). This study is an Experimental Design using Pearson Correlation Coefficient. The time span of the observed movement was 2.5 s for all trials. The results in kinematics showed significant similarity in trunk, hip, knee, ankle angles and angular velocities including speed and distance of head between No STST to STST (P = 0.000). However, in kinetics, the maximum of vGRFs showed significant decrease in STST compared to No STST (P = 0.000). This represent that this device produces natural movement and speed. It also supports and helps to reduce the body weight that contacted to the ground in order to stand up easier. Thus, therapists could possibly consider this device for training in clinical practice. This research was studied within 6 weeks into training with Sit to Stand Trainer. This part of the study is a Quasi-Experimental Designs using Paired Samples T-tests. The results of the T-tests were compared before and after the training. The results showed a significant improvement in physical outcomes measurement tests; Berg Balance Scale (P = 0.000), 30-second Chair Stand (P = 0.001) and 4-meter Gait Speed (P = 0.000) among the elderly.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.48048/wjst.2020.6145

Attakorn Suwananthawong and Dulyachot Cholaseuk, "A STUDY ON ERGONOMIC EGG-SHAPED FOUR-BAR LINKAGE PROPULSION MECHANISM FOR MANUAL WHEELCHAIRS" , 29 June 2020​.

Abstract
Most manual wheelchair users use conventional push-rim wheelchairs. Although manual push-rim wheelchairs help promotes a good lifestyle, the non-ergonomic, high muscular demand of non-continuous push motions can trigger severe upper extremity injuries. In this study, a new four-bar linkage propulsion mechanism is introduced. The mechanism was designed to provide continuous propulsion while allowing the wrist movement to follow the ergonomic egg-shaped path. A prototype was built and tested. User opinions
indicated that they experienced a more comfortable ride than in the conventional push-rim wheelchair. Overall, the use of the four-bar linkage mechanism causes less strain to muscles and should reduce fatigue during prolonged usages.​

mamom J., Ruchiwit M, Hain D. "​Strategies of Repositioning for Effective Pressure Ulcer Prevention in Immobilized Patients in Home-Based Palliative Care: An Integrative Literature Reviews", June 2020​

Abstract
          An integrative literature review was conducted to assess available scientific evidence about best strategies of repositioning along with medical devices in the prevention of pressure ulcers in immobilized patients in home-based palliative care. It is important to have evidence-based strategies and principles to prevent pressure ulcers in immobilized patients receiving homebased palliative care. However, there is a lack of consistency in protocol especially in Thailand. This review was done first by searching related literature through electronic databases including Cochrane, PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, MEDLINE, ProQuest, and CINAHL that were published between 2010 and 2019. The PRISMA guidelines were used to structure the review. The findings of the review indicated that the best method or repositioning was 30° lateral tilt every 2-3 hours. However, alternative strategies, such as a combination involving medical devices such as a special mattress or automatic bed that can extent the duration of repositioning from every two hours to three to four. There is a need for further research examining the effectiveness of 3-hourly repositioning with use of a medical device that could reduce risk of pressure ulcers while reducing the burden on family caregiver.

Teerapan Sosakul, Jintamai Suwanprateeb, Bunyong Rungroungdouyboon, Pongsatorn Tuchpramuk, Waraporn Suvannapruk, Autcharaporn Srion, "Evaluation of tissue ingrowth and reaction of a porous polyethylene block as an onlay bone graft in rabbit posterior mandible", Apr. 2020:50(2), p106-120

Abstarct
Purpose: A new form of porous polyethylene, characterized by higher porosity and pore interconnectivity, was developed for use as a tissue-integrated implant. This study evaluated the effectiveness of porous polyethylene blocks used as an onlay bone graft in rabbit mandible in terms of tissue reaction, bone ingrowth, fibrovascularization, and graft-bone interfacial integrity.
Methods: Twelve New Zealand white rabbits were randomized into 3 treatment groups according to the study period (4, 12, or 24 weeks). Cylindrical specimens measuring 5 mm in diameter and 4.5 mm in thickness were placed directly on the body of the mandible without bone bed decortication, fixed in place with a titanium screw, and covered with a collagen membrane. Histologic and histomorphometric analyses were done using hematoxylin and eosin–stained bone slices. Interfacial shear strength was tested to quantify graft-bone interfacial integrity.
Results: The porous polyethylene graft was observed to integrate with the mandibular bone and exhibited tissue-bridge connections. At all postoperative time points, it was noted that the host tissues had grown deep into the pores of the porous polyethylene in the direction from the interface to the center of the graft. Both fibrovascular tissue and bone were found within the pores, but most bone ingrowth was observed at the graft-mandibular bone interface. Bone ingrowth depth and interfacial shear strength were in the range of 2.76–3.89 mm and 1.11–1.43 MPa, respectively. No significant differences among post-implantation time points were found for tissue ingrowth percentage and interfacial shear strength (P>0.05).
Conclusions: Within the limits of the study, the present study revealed that the new porous polyethylene did not provoke any adverse systemic reactions. The material promoted fibrovascularization and displayed osteoconductive and osteogenic properties within and outside the contact interface. Stable interfacial integration between the graft and bone also took place.

Dulyachot Cholaseuk, Pornprom Pahubutra, "A Road Test Study on Speed Sensitive Collapsible Mechanical Speed Bump", Vol. 11(1), p1-8, Nov. 2019

Abstract
              A speed sensitive collapsible mechanical speed bump is a structure of a triangular shaped profile with joints that allow the bump to fold flat. The operation of the bump relies on an all mechanical system that uses a pendulum as a speed sensor. The amount of angular motion of the pendulum varies with the speed of the vehicle passing. This determines the position of the tip of the pendulum that contacts the guide rail, which
can control the pendulum to fold or to lock. The speed bump is designed to lock when a vehicle passes at speed above 8 km/hr and to fold flat at the speed below 8 km/hr. This road test version was vastly improved
from the conceptual prototype. The pendulum speed sensing mechanism was separated from the locking mechanism to ensure speed sensing accuracy while improving strength in the locking position. Overall
profile was scaled down to fit Thailand’s speed bump standard. Testing was conducted with six vehicles of different segments: an eco car, two compact sedans, two mid-size suv’s and a pick-up truck. The test results
show that the bump response well with the transition range of 7 – 12 km/hr.​

Chanya Jiemjai, Santhanee Khruakhorn, Patcharee Kooncumchoo, "Erector Spinae Muscle Activity during Lifted People with Two Persons in Lifting Phase of Manual Human Handling (MHH)", Vol.24 No.2 April – June 2019​

Abstract
​       The objective of this study was to determine the activity of erector spinae muscle in four techniques of lifting phase of manual human handling; two-handed seat carry, four-handed seat carry, fore-and-aft carry and chair carry. Thirty-two (16 couples) healthy young men lifted subjects weighing 60±5 kg from table heights of 50 cm and 100 cm. Surface electromyography was used to evaluate lumbar erector spinae activity during lifting. The four-handed seat carry technique had the highest average of lumbar erector spinae activity both from table height 50 cm and 100 cm. This may be due to more trunk flexion movement than in other techniques. The lowest activity of lumbar erector spinae was found in fore-and-aft carry and chair carry techniques. Moreover, lifting from table height 50 cm had more lumbar erector spinae muscle activity than lifting from table height 100 cm in 3 techniques (two-handed seat carry, four-handed seat carry and fore-and-aft carry). The highest activity of lumbar erector spinae muscle in the four-handed seat carry technique indicated risk of low back pain during lifting, especially lifting people from a table height of 50 cm. Lower lumbar erector spinae muscle activity in fore-and-aft carry and chair carry techniques indicated safer they are safer techniques for lifting.

Charoenporn N, Outama A, Kaewdok T, Earde P, Kooncumchoo P, "Maximum Acceptable Weight of Lift in Adolescence Aged 15 to Less Than 18 Years Old", Proceedings of the 20th Congress of the International Ergonomics Association (IEA 2018), p778-788

Abstract
             By Convention No. 138 specifies the minimum age for working children which it must not be lower than the age of completing compulsory education and lower than 15 years old. The allowable work for working children must not be harmful to children’s health, must be safe and not against good morals. Manual material handling is common tasks can be found in many conditions of working children aged 15 to less than 18 years old, especially lifting tasks. The lifting tasks may exceed the children’s capacity and may lead them to problems of accumulative fatigue, musculoskeletal disorders and other health effects in the future. This study was conducted not only to determine what maximum weight is accepted by the children but also to compare its’ results with NIOSH lifting equation whether suitable for working children or not. This research experiment get permission and approval from Thammasat University Research Ethics Subcommittee 3. The study of lifting tasks by simulating works in laboratory and applying psychophysical criteria shows that the maximum acceptable weight is significantly different between boys and girls. Increasing lifting frequency can significantly affect to the MAWL. The MAWL based on psychophysical criterion seems not to be different when lifting frequencies more than 1 lift/minute. The RWL (at origin) calculated from NISOH lifting equation based on the load constant recommended by ISO11295:2014 are higher than the MAWL of this study. It is possible using NIOSH lifting equation to assess risk of manual lifting at origin may be underestimate when applying to working children situation.

วรัตถ์ สิทธิ์เหล่าถาวร, บรรยงค์ รุ่งเรืองด้วยบุญ, "การออกแบบอุปกรณ์ช่วยเดิน ที่มีระบบพยุงน้ำหนักบางส่วนสำหรับผู้ที่มีปัญหาการเคลื่อนไหวด้านการเดิน รุ่นที่ 2.0"  วิศวกรรมสาร มก. ฉบับที่ 105  ปีที่ 31 กรกฎาคม - กันยายน 2561, หน้าที่ 1-10

บทคัดย่อ
           งานวิจัยที่นำเสนอนี้เป็นงานวิจัยเพื่อออกแบบและพัฒนาอุปกรณ์ช่วยเดินแบบพยุงน้ำหนักบางส่วนสำหรับผู้ที่มีปัญหาการเคลื่อนไหวด้านการเดินรุ่นที่ 2 สำหรับกลุ่มผู้ป่วยโรคหลอดเลือดสมอง กลุ่มผู้ป่วยโรคกล้ามเนื้ออ่อนแรง กลุ่มผู้สูงอายุ โดยผู้วิจัยได้เริ่มต้นการวิจัยและพัฒนาอุปกรณ์ต้นแบบช่วยฝึกเดินแบบพยุงน้ำหนักบางส่วนมาแล้ว 1 รุ่น โดยโครงการนี้เกิดขึ้นเพื่อแก้ไขปัญหาการฝึกเดินหลังจากที่ผู้ป่วยผ่านการฝึกเดิน หรือใช้เทคโนโลยีหุ่นยนต์ช่วยฝึกเดินมาแล้ว จนมีระดับความสามารถการเดินที่ดีขึ้นในระดับหนึ่ง ซึ่งหมายถึง ผู้ป่วยพอจะช่วยเหลือตัวเอง หรือก้าวขาได้ด้วยตัวเองได้ (ค่าระดับความสามารถของการเดิน ระดับ 2-4) หลังจากขั้นตอนนี้ผู้ป่วยจะต้องฝึกเดินให้บ่อยที่สุด โดยใช้โครงช่วยฝึกเดิน ซึ่งจะทำให้มัดกล้ามเนื้อแข็งแรง แต่ปัญหาที่เกิดขึ้นคือ การหกล้ม ซึ่งเกิดจากอุปกรณ์ไม่มีระบบพยุงน้ำหนัก และเนื่องจากผู้ป่วยมีปัญหาด้านการเคลื่อนไหวและมีความพิการหลงเหลืออยู่ ทำให้ส่งผลต่อการเคลื่อนไหวร่างกายและรูปแบบการเดิน ทำให้เสี่ยงต่อการหกล้มเพิ่มขึ้นเป็น 2-3 เท่า เมื่อเทียบกับประชากรกลุ่มอายุเดียวกัน ซึ่งการแก้ไขปัญหาการหกล้มได้นั้น ก็คือการฝึกเดินเพื่อช่วยเสริมสร้างความแข็งแรงของกล้ามเนื้อ และป้องกันการหกล้ม ซึ่งวิธีนี้ได้รับการพิสูจน์ทางวิชาการแล้วว่าช่วยป้องกันการหกล้มได้ดีที่สุด
       งานวิจัยชิ้นนี้มุ่งเน้นการพัฒนาต้นแบบอุปกรณ์ช่วยฝึกเดินรุ่นที่ 2 เพื่อแก้ปัญหาที่กล่าวมา โดยตัวอุปกรณ์ที่ออกแบบมีส่วนที่สำคัญ คือ ระบบพยุงน้ำหนักบางส่วน แบบไดนามิกส์ โดยใช้แก๊สสปริงทำหน้าที่พยุงน้ำหนักเพื่อช่วยพยุงน้ำหนักบางส่วนของผู้ป่วย โดยปรับระดับแรงพยุงน้ำหนักได้โดยการปรับมุมเอียงทิ่ใช้ติดตั้งแก๊สสปริง จากผลการทดสอบอุปกรณ์ต้นแบบ พบว่า อุปกรณ์สามารถพยุงน้ำหนักตัวผู้ป่วยได้ตามที่ออกแบบไว้ และสามารถเพิ่มประสิทธิภาพการฝึกเดิน ช่วยเหลือผู้ป่วยให้การฝึกเดินด้วยอุปกรณ์ช่วยฝึกเดินเป็นเรื่องที่ง่ายขึ้น

Poonsak Pisek, Somchai Sessirisombat and Bunyong Rungroungdouyboon, "Biomechanical Evaluation of the Maxilla during Maxillary Distraction Osteogenessis with the New Hybrid Distraction Device: ​A Finite Element Analysis", Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand, V. 100, N. 8, August 2017, p s16-s23.

​Background: Patients with cleft lip and palate (CLP), who have malocclusion combined with severe skeletal Class III problems, usually have multidimensional maxillary hypoplasia. The present study invented a new hybrid distraction device to correct severe skeletal problems.
Objective: To evaluate biomechanical of a new hybrid distractor device during maxillary sagittal distraction osteogenesis.
Material and Method: Three-dimensional finite element skull models of a 20-year-old, non-syndromic male patient with bilateral complete cleft lip and palate was constructed. Stress distributions and displacement of the new hybrid distractor were analyzed using ANSYS v.10.0.
Results: The maximum stress levels were observed for both external and internal components of the new hybrid distractor device. The values of maximum stress were not exceeding yield stress and the range of safety factor was 2.36 to 3.76. The maxilla bone was in equilibrium balance between action force and reaction force and showed symmetrical displacement.
Conclusion: The new hybrid distractor device has enough strength during maxillary distraction osteogenesis and can provide controlled symmetrical displacement of the maxilla.